Waste Characterization Research

We sort through solid waste and recovery streams to deliver reliable data on material generation, composition, and flow.

Since the late 1980s, Cascadia has specialized in designing and conducting waste characterization studies. From nationwide litter studies to back-of-house commercial generator audits to curbside cart-based capture rate studies, Cascadia’s expert team is adept at shaping studies that deliver reliable, representative data about the materials we use and where they end up.

Our methodologies include mobile and centralized sampling, hand sorts and visual estimations, and advanced analyses that break down streams by generator, by geography, or by material type and provide clients with reliable data for waste reduction policymaking. Cascadia is continually advancing the state of the art in waste characterization, including current work with key partners to train and refine the artificial neural networks employed by robotic sorting equipment.

Examples of our support include:

  • Large-scale characterization studies (e.g., state and regional studies)
  • Metropolitan, city, county, and community characterization studies
  • Institutional (campus and multi-property) characterization studies
  • Commercial and multifamily facility-based generator audits

We customize our approach to focus on:

  • Specific material categories
  • Specific generating sectors or industries (e.g. food waste generators)
  • Primary streams (waste, recycling, organics, construction & demolition debris, hazardous waste)
  • Irregular streams (litter, illegal dumping, storm drain debris)
  • EPR and take-back program targets (item types and brands)
  • Processing residuals

Selected Project Highlights

Sustainability Plan for Lafayette (CO)

We helped Lafayette create a holistic, data-driven approach to community climate action.

SB 54 Waste Characterization Study

Cascadia, on behalf of CalRecycle, worked with partners at ReCreate Collaborative, MSW Consultants, and Stina Inc. to develop this foundational study.

Duwamish Valley (WA) Youth Corps Engagement

We worked with students to create messaging that could help prevent pollution in the Duwamish.

Seattle (WA) “Unflushables” Behavior Change Campaign

We worked to implement an effective CBSM wastewater campaign… in the bathroom.

Environmental Justice Analysis for ACRP

We completed an EJ analysis on climate guidance, resources, and tools developed by the ACRP.

Zero Waste Sonoma Outreach

Cascadia led adaptable, inclusive, and multilingual outreach to businesses and multifamily properties to support compliance with SB 1383

Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Bin Inventory

We’re working with BART to determine healthy and achievable diversion targets for stations citywide.

Cascadia partners with USAgain to assess what it will take to address textile waste in California

California is landfilling nearly 1.2 million tons of textiles each year—at a cost of roughly $99 million annually. In partnership with USAgain, Cascadia analyzed how...

StormFest 2025 Event Planning and Engagement

Cascadia supported the StormFest Committee in planning and executing the 2025 StormFest event, an annual 3-day field-based stormwater education event for Highline...

Accelerating Preparedness with Community Resilience Hubs

A FEMA-funded regional pilot is reshaping how communities prepare for disasters across Puget Sound. By centering community leadership and investing in local capacity,...